| Command's Purpose | MS-DOS | Linux | Basic Linux Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copies files | copy | cp | cp thisfile.txt /home/thisdirectory |
| Moves files | move | mv | mv thisfile.txt /home/thisdirectory |
| Lists files | dir | ls | ls |
| Clears screen | cls | clear | clear |
| Closes prompt window | exit | exit | exit |
| Displays or sets date | date | date | date |
| Deletes files | del | rm | rm thisfile.txt |
| "Echoes" output on the screen | echo | echo | echo this message |
| Edits files with simple text editor | edit | pico[a] | pico thisfile.txt |
| Compares the contents of files | fc | diff | diff file1 file2 |
| Finds a string of text in a file | find | grep | grep this word or phrase thisfile.txt |
| Formats a diskette | format a: (if diskette is in A:) | mke2fs (or mformat[b]) | /sbin/mke2fs /dev/fd0 (/dev/fd0 is the Linux equivalent of A:) |
| Displays command help | command /? | man[c] | man command |
| Creates a directory | mkdir | mkdir | mkdir directory |
| View a file | more | less[d] | less thisfile.txt |
| Renames a file | ren | mv | mv thisfile.txt thatfile.txt[e] |
| Displays your location in the file system | chdir | pwd | pwd |
| Changes directories with a specified path (absolute path) | cd pathname | cd pathname | cd /directory/directory |
| Changes directories with a relative path | cd .. | cd .. | cd .. |
| Displays the time | time | date | date |
| RAM and use | mem | free | free |
Basic Commands
Booting Process
1. Power on : Power on the machine.
2. BIOS (Basic input/Output System) initialization.
3. POST (Power On Self Test).
4. Boot loader initialization.
boot loaders
LILO (Linux loader) : not supporting multiple boot
Grub : GRand Unified Bootloader
Booting Process
Master boot record
Chang Password from GUI
To change your password using GNOME,
Go to System
Preferences
About Me
and then click Password.
Change the password the first time you log in
Change it regularly thereafter
Select a password that is hard to guess
Switching between virtual consoles and the graphical environment
A typical Linux system will run six virtual consoles and one graphical console
Server systems often have only virtual consoles
Desktops and workstations typically have both
Switch among virtual consoles by typing: Ctrl-Alt-F[1-6]
Access the graphical console by typing Ctrl- Alt-F7
Basic Principles of Linux and Unix
1. Open boot : OS is ready to display
Testing and initializing the hardware.
Giving you access to a set of tools to program and to debug it.
2. In Linux Everything is treated as files, including hardware devices : Every device has a file corresponding to it
3. It contains small single purpose programs
4. Ability to chain programs together to perform complex tasks
5. Avoid captive user interface : Limited number of user interfaces to manage OS/Applications
6. Configuration dataset stored in text format
Operating system structure
the kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level.
History & LINUX , UNIX distributions
1969 – Unix ( An application created by Bell labs)
Read more here : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux
Popular UNIX Flavors
Solaris – Sun Microsystems’ implementation, of which there are different kinds available: these are Solaris OS for SPARC platforms, Solaris OS for x86 platforms, and Trusted Solaris for both SPARC & x86 platforms; the latest version is Solaris 10 OS
AIX – short for Advanced Interactive eXecutive; IBM’s implementation, the latest release of which, is the AIX 5L version 5.2.
SCO UnixWare and OpenServer – are implementations derived from the original AT&T Unix® source code acquired by the Santa Cruz Operation Inc. from Novell, and later on bought by Caldera Systems; the latest versions are UnixWare 7.1.3 and OpenServer 5.0.7
HP-UX – short for Hewlett-Packard UniX; the latest version is the HP-UX 11i
Popular LINUX Flavors
CentOS, a distribution derived from the same sources used by Red Hat,maintained by a dedicated volunteer community of developers with both 100% Red Hat-compatible versions and an upgraded version that is not always 100% upstream compatible
Debian, a non-commercial distribution maintained by a volunteer developer community with a strong commitment to free software principles
Fedora, a community distribution sponsored by Red Hat
Gentoo, a distribution targeted at power users, known for its FreeBSD Ports-like automated system for compiling applications from source code
Knoppix, the first Live CD distribution to run completely from removable media without installation to a hard disk, derived from Debian
Mandriva, a Red Hat derivative popular in France and Brazil, today maintained by the French company of the same name.
OpenSUSE a community distribution mainly sponsored by Novell.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, which is a derivative of Fedora, maintained and commercially supported by Red Hat.
SUSE Linux Enterprise, derived from openSUSE, maintained and commercially supported by Novell.
Ubuntu, a popular desktop and server distribution derived from Debian, maintained by Canonical Ltd..
RHCE Exam Papers & About the OS
There are three papers for RHCE Examination, It’s as follows
RH033 – Red Hat Linux Essentials
RH133 - Red Hat Linux System Administration and RHCT
RH253 - Red Hat Linux Networking and. Security Administration
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Different os from Redhat
Server - Server Applications are integrated (Squid, Apache, Etc)
Client – Included client applications (Browser, IMs, Media players)
Fedora – Its a community version, bundled with latest applications
